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The history of Vinnytchyna is a part of the history of Right-Bank Ukraine. Numerous archaeological memorials give evidence that its territory has been already populated in the most ancient times. People sites of the paleolitical epoch were exposed in different places of the region, especially in Pobuggya and Prydnistroviya.
The attributes of the trypil culture - the first farmer culture in the territory of our country - were exposed almost in each region of the region (III-II thousand years B.C.). The greatest settlements of that time were exposed in villages of Sandrachy ( the Chmylnyc region), Mychaylivka (the Tulchyn region), Grygoryvka and Kukavka (the Mogylyv-Podilsky region).
Quite a lot of large cities and barrows were revealed in the territory of the region. The scyth city of Nemyryv is one of the greatest in Ukraine; it occupies the area of more than 1000 hectares. The earthen banks here somewhere else and now reach 7-8 m of height.
The territory of Vinnytchyna belongs to the most ancient east-slavonic lands. In IX-XI cent. these lands formed a part of the Kyiv Rus structure.
The further development of the feudal relations in Kyiv Rus has led to its disintegration and formation of separate russian feudal principalities-lands. At the end of XII cent. Halych and Volyn principalities united in one great Halych-Volyn principality. A considerable part of lands between Buh and Dnistro, including the territory of modern Vinnytchyna, formed a part of so-named Ponyzzya (Podillya).
In the second half of XIV cent. Lithuanian princes who have seized a considerable part of Ukraine, including Podillya, distributed these lands among their relatives. Vinnytchyna was presented to feudals Koriatovychy. To keep inhabitants in obedience and defend Lithuania from south Koriatovychy, according to the chronicler's illustrations, strengthen podyl towns, build strengthening in many places, fortresses.
In XVI cent. a considerable part of Ukraine's territory, including Vinnytchyna, fall under the rule of Polish gentry. In this time more strong the struggle of ukrainian people for its national liberation has spread.
At the end of XVI- at the beginning of XVII cent. in Vinnytchyna, as in whole Podillya, people took an active part in risings, headed by K.Kosynsky, S.Nalivayko, T.Fedorovich (Tryasylo), I.Pavlyuk, Y.Ostryanyn. Especially actively revolters acted in Brutslavschina, in towns of Vinnytsya, Nemirov, Shurgorod, Bar.
National movement reached wide range in Podillya during the war of liberation of Ukrainian people in 1648-1654. A considerable part of events during this war took place in Vinnytchyna. For instance, the battle of Muchnivka (now Komsomolske of the Kozyatin region) - in 1648, of Vinnytsya and Krusne - in 1651, of Batogch (now v.Chetvertinivka of the Trostyanets region) - in 1652, the defense of Busha - 1654 etc.
Detachments, leaded by the closest Fellow-fighters of Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Maxim Krivonys, Ivan Bogun, Danylo Nechay operated in Vinnytchyna. Great barrows in the territory of many regions of the region remained as dumb witnesses of a glorious fight of Ukrainian people for liberty and independence.
In 1672-1699 Podillya was exhausted under the oppression of Turkish sultan, after which Polish gentry seized it again.
In 1793 Right-BankUkraine, including Podilske and Bratslavske offices of voevode formed a part of Russian empire. Podil province was formed in their place.
In the middle of XIX cent. Russia joined the way of the capitalistic development. The metallurgical and coal industry, produce processing industry developed in Ukraine, railways were built. The Podil province became one of the most important regions of the country through the sugar production.
The sugar industry in Vinnytchyna appeared in 20-30-s of XIX cent. There were favorable conditions here for this purpose, in particular more than a little cheap working force. The Bershad sugar factory, constructed in 1827, was one of the first. First sugar refiners were very primitive. They were usual wooden barns, equipped with boilers, graters. The Bershadsky sugar factory produced not more than 50 metric centners for a season during first years. Such there was a productivity of all first factories - therefore the value of sugar was high. Thus, for instance, in 1811 the value of one pood of sugar was 100 krb. in banknotes or 17 krb. in silver.
Firewood, which was in great amount in the time of that techniques, was as fuel for sugar refiners, and this led to the fast destroying of woods. To produce one thousand poods of sugar it was necessary to burn 3200 cubic metes of firewood. As technology of sugar production were being perfected, quantity of burnt firewood for every thousand poods decreased to 100 cubic meters.
In 1848 36 sugar factories worked in Podillya, in which 3968 workers were engaged.
The production of sugar was increasing. In 1860/1861 only 33 sugar refiners worked but 530 644 poods were produced i.e. in five times more a bit than in 1848/1849.
As the capitalism in Russia developed, Podillya quickly turns into a large region of beet-sowing and sugar industry. The development of a number of other industry areas, in particular alcohol, superphosphatical, as well as transport, was connected a lot with the sugar industry. Conditions of work in sugar refiner at this time were extremely difficult. A part of landless and having insufficient land peasantry searched for a way out in peasant trade. Extremely quickly a number of handicraftsmen in whole Russia, including in Podillya, increased.
Already at the end XVIII cent. the cloth stuff of count Pototsky worked in Tulchyn of the Bratslav uyezd. In 1797 the number of lathes in this manufactory ran to 95. A storking factory worked in Machnovka (now Komsomolske). In 1914 there were 11 manufactories in Podillya, in which 34 lathes numbered.
Besides cloth, the glass, saltpeter manufactories, brick production, leather etc. worked in Podillya. But the most wide-spread of all trades were stonemason and woodworking in Podillya. Handicraftsmen worked out carts, sleigh, harrows, troughs, washtubs, yokes, strainers, etc.
Predominate majority of peasant families devoted themselves to do-it-yourself production. Nearly all requirements of population in cloth were satisfied with home wares. Only a well-of part of peeties was dressed in factory broadcloth.
Besides that, such industries, as flour-grindery-cereal, production vine and beer, candles, soaps etc. were developed in Podillya.
In the previous Podil province there were 545 factories and plants. This number includes more than 400 mills (54 mills were steam).
The greatest group of handicraftsmen, who worked in cities and small towns, were stove-setters, carpenters, smiths, locksmith, tinkers, coopers and others.
The building of a railway Kiev - Odessa, which came into action in 70-s of XIX cent., was a great event in the economic life of Vinnytchina. It got through Kozyatyn, Vinnytsya, Zhmerinka, Vapnyarka, Krizhopil. The greatest railway stations - Kozyatyn, Vinnytsya, Zhmerinka and locomotive-car-repairing enterprises appeared under them. The railway promoted an economic enlivening of Podillya.
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